{"product_id":"tokens-traders-of-kent-in-the-seventeenth-eighteenth-nineteenth-centuries-paperback","title":"Tokens \u0026 Traders of Kent in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth \u0026 Nineteenth Centuries - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eDavid Villanueva\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Provincial Token-Coinage\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Coins traditionally contained the value of the metal they were made from, less a nominal amount for the monarch and mint master and could only be produced by Royal decree. By the sixteenth century the penny and its fractions had been reduced in size by inflation becoming inconveniently small to manufacture and use. The general population resorted to using token coins containing less than their intrinsic value of metal until the monarch provided sufficient usable coinage for the needs of trade.\u003cbr\u003e Trade tokens were issued in three distinct periods, the first during the seventeenth century, 1648-1672. The second in the eighteenth century, 1787-1801 and finally the nineteenth century, 1811-15. As well as being collectable, like coins, tokens issued by tradesmen contain personal information such as name, location, trade and even spouse's forename initial in many cases and will be of interest to genealogists as well as family and local historians. Metal detectorists are a large group of regular finders of these tokens, who will also be looking for a means of identifying their metal detecting finds.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eAvailable Sources\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A number of eminent numismatists (including Atkins, Boyne, Conder, Dalton, Davis, Dickinson, Hamer, Pye and Williamson) have studied these tokens and produced extensive catalogues, generally covering the whole of a series. Until now the only solution to identification was to wade through these catalogues, which can be very expensive to buy, new or used. These catalogues can be borrowed free from the Library but there are few copies in circulation and waiting times can be lengthy. Many of the catalogues were compiled in the 19th and early 20th centuries so some have been scanned and are available online. The problem with scanning old texts is that the scanner has no real comprehension of what is written and so records what it perceives and the result can be gobbledegook  A further problem is that genealogical information and full token details have been abandoned in more recent catalogues to keep the printing costs and cover price down. This serves the collector well but disadvantages not only the family and local historian but also the finder of excavated tokens where only parts of the detail may be visible.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eTokens and Traders of Kent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The nature of tokens is that they circulated very near to their place of issue so that the merchant concerned could exchange or redeem them for regal coins. While 18th and 19th century tokens did travel far and wide, especially those redeemable in several major cities, they remained common in their home county. Seventeenth century tokens, those of London excepted, generally only circulated within a seven mile radius of their place of issue. Seven miles was the typical distance between markets where the tokens would have been accepted.\u003cbr\u003e This book is written for the casual finder, family and local historian of Kent. It catalogues all Kent token details available including all genealogical and local information recorded in earlier tomes (details of several taverns, inns, public houses and hotels have been updated). In all some 600 recorded seventeenth and around 50 eighteenth and nineteenth century Kent tokens are included, many of which are illustrated.\u003cbr\u003e An illustrated section on popular token designs aids identification and the tokens are listed alphabetically by surname within the alphabetical list of place names. If you need to identify a token, use what you can see on the token to quickly scan the appropriate listings and providing it is a Kent token, you are sure to find it\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAuthor Biography\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eDavid Villanueva (1951- ) was born in Birmingham, England, where he grew up. In the early 1970s his mother bought him a copy of Ted Fletcher's book, \u003cb\u003eA Fortune Under Your Feet\u003c\/b\u003e, which, together with David's great interest in history inspired him to buy a metal detector and take up treasure hunting as a hobby. Family stories about the origins and history behind David's Spanish surname also spawned the hobby of genealogy. A career move brought David to Whitstable in Kent, England, and it was here that David's love of history research developed into great success both in metal detecting and family history. In metal detecting, all sorts of coins and artefacts are found which then generates further research and interest. Tokens are one of David's favourite finds! A little later David felt the urge to put pen to paper and started writing articles for the two British metal detecting magazines - Treasure Hunting and The Searcher - which have published more than two dozens of David's articles between them. Success in writing articles soon led to David's first book: \u003cb\u003eThe Successful Treasure Hunter's Essential Dowsing Manual: How to Easily Develop Your Latent Skills to Find Treasure in Abundance\u003c\/b\u003e, published in both digital format and paperback. To date, David has written a further fourteen books related to metal detecting, treasure hunting and family history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 114\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.24 x 8.5 x 5.51 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e October 29, 2015\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52914980553020,"sku":"9780955032585","price":30.39,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0975\/7265\/1324\/files\/WWtSRHlReEVKdnIwbjFRdVJTNk5Tdz09.webp?v=1774357301","url":"https:\/\/barginbooks.co\/products\/tokens-traders-of-kent-in-the-seventeenth-eighteenth-nineteenth-centuries-paperback","provider":"Books Fare ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}